In a large bowl, whisk together the flour, baking powder, baking soda, and salt. Set aside. Using a handheld or stand mixer with a paddle or whisk attachment, beat the butter and sugar on high speed until smooth and creamy, about 3 minutes. Use a silicone spatula to scrape down the sides and bottom of the bowl as needed. Add the eggs one at a time, beating well after each addition. Mix in the vanilla extract. Continue to scrape down the sides and bottom of the bowl with a rubber spatula as needed.
With the mixer on low speed, gradually add the dry ingredients in three additions, alternating with the buttermilk. Begin and end with the dry ingredients, mixing each addition just until incorporated. Be careful not to overmix the batter. The resulting batter should be smooth, velvety, and slightly thick.
Divide the batter evenly among the prepared cake pans, using about 2 and 2/3 cups of batter per pan. If desired, use a kitchen scale to ensure even layers. Bake for approximately 25-26 minutes, or until a toothpick inserted into the center of the cakes comes out clean. Allow the cakes to cool completely in the pans on a wire rack before frosting and assembling.